In his book “Pakistan or The Partition of India” published in 1940 by Thacker & Co. Ltd., Dr. B. R. Ambedkar on page 102 says thus:
“It is sure to be asked, how will Pakistan affect the position of Muslims that will be left in Hindustan?
“The question is natural because the scheme of Pakistan does seem to concern itself with Muslim majorities who do not need protection and abandons the Muslim minorities who do. But the point is who can raise it? Surely not the Hindus. Only the Muslims of Pakistan or the Muslims of Hindustan can raise it.
“The question was put to Mr. Rehmat Ali, the protagonist of Pakistan and this is the answer given by him:
“How will it affect the position of the forty five million Muslems in Hindustan proper ?”
“The truth is that in this struggle their thought has been more than a wrench to me. They are the flesh of our flesh and the soul of our soul. We can never forget them ; nor they, us. Their present position and future security is, and shall ever be, a matter of great importance to us. As things are at present, Pakistan will not adversely affect their position in Hindustan. On the basis of population (one Muslem to four Hindus), they will still be entitled to the same representation in legislative as well as administrative fields as they possess it now. As to the future, the only effective guarantee we can offer is that of reciprocity, and, therefore, we solemnly undertake to give all those safeguards to non-Muslem minorities in Pakistan which will be conceded to our Muslim minority in Hindustan. But what sustains us most is the fact that they know we are proclaiming Pakistan in the highest interest of the ‘Millet’. It is as much theirs as it is ours. While for us it is a national citadel, for them it will ever be a moral anchor. So long as the anchor holds, everything is or can be made safe. But once it gives way, all will be lost.”
“The answer given by the Muslims of Hindustan is equally clear. They say “we are not weakened by the separation of Muslims into Pakistan and Hindustan. We are better protected by the existence of separate Islamic States on the Eastern and Western border of Hindustan than we are by their submersion in Hindustan.
“Who can say that they are wrong ? Has it not been shown that Germany as an outside state was better able to protect the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia than the Sudetens were able to do themselves?
“That is a very legitimate question and must be considered. It must be admitted that by the creation of Pakistan Hindustan is not freed of the communal question.
“Be that as it may, the question does not concern the Hindus.
“The question that concerns the Hindus is : How far does the creation of Pakistan remove the communal question from Hindustan?
“While Pakistan can be made a homogenous state by redrawing its boundaries, Hindustan must remain a composite state. The Musalmans are scattered all over Hindustan though they are mostly congregated in towns and no ingenuity in the matter of redrawing of boundaries can make it homogeneous.
“The only way to make Hindustan homogenous is to arrange for exchange of population. Until that is done, it must be admitted that even with the creation of Pakistan the problem of majority vs. minority will remain in Hindustan as before and will continue to produce disharmony in the body politic of Hindustan.
“Admitting that Pakistan is not capable of proving a complete solution of the Communal Problem within Hindustan, does it follow that the Hindus on that account should reject Pakistan? Before the Hindus draw any such hasty conclusion they should consider the following effects of Pakistan. (Table of Muslim population in different provinces of undivided India is given). This distribution of the Muslim population, in terms of the communal problem means, that while without Pakistan the communal problem involves 6 crores of Muslims, after Pakistan it will involve only 2 crores of Muslims. Is this to be no consideration for Hindus who want communal peace ?
“To me it seems that if Pakistan does not solve the communal problem in Hindustan it enormously reduces its proportion and makes it of minor significance and much easier of peaceful solution.
“Thus, taking into consideration these effects of Pakistan, It cannot be disputed that if Pakistan does not wholly solve the communal problem within Hindustan it does free the Hindus from the turbulence of the Muslims as predominant partners.
“It is for the Hindus to say whether they will reject such a proposal simply because it does not offer a complete solution. Some gain is better than much harm”.